In Israel, the population is divided into two main ethnic groups: approximately 80% are Jews, and 20% are Palestinian Arabs. The Jewish majority has better access to economic, political, cultural and symbolic capital. This unequal situation is related to the long-standing conflict between Palestinians and Jews.  The two communities are also residentially segregated, and the vast majority of Arabs and Jews attend different schools. However, in recent years there has been a slow increase in the number of schools attended by both groups. The study focuses on the structural, institutional, and ideological factors that affect social integration between Arab and Jewish students in the few schools that are attended by both. Specifically: what are the factors that affect the formation of friendships between Arab and Jewish students in mixed schools?